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Globalization and the Economic Geography of the GGH

Story by Sophia Thornley-

Introduction (WHAT IS and WHERE?)


The Greater Golden Horseshoe (GGH) is a fast developing area resulting in the increase and decrease of jobs. 

There are many jobs being found in the megazones (Toronto-york west megazone, Toronto-york east megazone, and the Airport megazone) mainly for Manufacturing, Warehousing, and Finance.     

Table 5: Employment in Urban Growth Centres, 2006-2011

2011 jobs

2001-2011 change

CITY OF TORONTO

Downtown Toronto

470,400

48,000

Yonge-Eglinton Centre

17,445

2,080

North York

38,230

3,960

Scarborough Centre

13,905

-950

Etobicoke Centre

8,545

-1,070

PLANNED CENTRES

Mississauga City Centre

32,575

3,870

Vaughan Corporate Centre

2,215

155

Markham Centre

7,640

-5

Richmond Hill/Langstaff

1,840

135

Newmarket Centre

3,615

-310

Downtown Pickering

5,365

135

Downtown Milton

3,615

845

Midtown Oakville

2,560

260

OLDER DOWNTOWNS

Downtown Brampton

6,755

-3,845

Downtown Burlington

5,375

-200

Downtown Hamilton

19,260

-760

Downtown Oshawa

7,695

170

Downtown Barrie

5,910

-170

Downtown Brantford

4,650

-1,165

Downtown Cambridge

1,795

-765

Downtown Guelph

6,345

-770

Downtown Kitchener

11,075

365

Downtown Peterborough

8,075

-1,010

Downtown St. Catharines

7,850

-1,465

Uptown Waterloo

7,325

655

TOTALS

Downtown Toronto

470,400

48,000

Other City of Toronto UGCs

78,125

4,020

Planned Centres

59,425

5,085

Older Downtowns

92,110

-8,960

What are some of the noticeable economic changes in the GGH?
  • Megazones:  Employment in the GGH's megazones are located around the Pearson Airport, the 404/407  highway interchange and the 400/407 intersection. Areas of the heavy job loss in the GGH include areas outside on downtown Toronto and old city centers (Brampton),  Hamilton and Oshawa. Megazones take up about 20% of the core jobs in the GGH, and because of the high concentration in these megazones about 80% of these obs would be considered core employment. Looking at the transportation on the maps it shows the different GOrails that can be used for work outside of the downtown core, They help to makeup for the 500,000+ work trip that are made in an out of Toronto daily. 
  • SKID's (Suburban Knowledge-Intensive Districts):  The SKIDs identified in the GGH are the Airport (within the airport megazone) and Markham (within the Tor-York east megazone). Finance, business and engineering jobs are found in the SKID surrounding the highway.                                                                       
Table 6: Core Employment by Employment Area, GGH 2006 and 2016

2006

2016

Change 2006-2016

Downtown Toronto

345,495

412,835

67,340

MEGAZONES

Tor-York West Megazone

119,870

119,330

-540

Airport Megazone (incl. SKID)

255,130

252,345

-2,785

Tor-York East Megazone (incl. SKID)

92,970

90,975

-1,995

MEGAZONES TOTAL (incl. SKIDS)

467,970

462,650

-5,320

Airport Megazone w/o SKID

187,405

183,095

-4,310

Tor-York East Megazone w/o SKID

54,890

52,990

-1,900

SKIDS

Airport

67,725

69,250

1,525

Markham

38,080

37,985

-95

Meadowvale

29,385

36,155

6,770

Sheridan

5,210

5,200

-10

Waterloo

14,400

12,515

-1,885

SKIDS TOTAL

154,800

161,105

6,305

Rest of the GGH

1,437,555

1,446,110

8,555

TOTAL CORE EMPLOYMENT GGH

2,300,015

2,375,465

75,450



  • Downtown Core:  Downtown Toronto has the densest job concentration and has been growing significantly. There has been a steady increase of core jobs on the outskirts of the city. However, as expected there are smaller areas where jobs have been lost as well, but the core job loss is mainly in the inner suburban areas like Oshawa, Waterloo, St. Catherines, and areas south of the QEW.  These show indicators of economic change and development in the GGH because the shifting economic structure can only result in shifting the regional economic geography as well. Downtown Toronto and SKIDs are bringing in many jobs that are knowledge-intensive such as finance, business, and medical services. They tend to cluster in these locations because there is most likely a bigger population resulting in a higher demand for them. These demands can vary based on the work environment and accessibility. 
                             

WHY THERE 

  • The urbanization of the GGH is creating a sense of competition for the older and smaller businesses that may be solely reliant on the income from that business, but big box companies or known chains are being spread around the area at a fast rate resulting in a loss of jobs, homes, and everything they need to stay afloat, especially if they are located downtown Toronto where the rent and housing prices are extremely expensive.  This only leads to pushing people out of the cities to the suburban areas where the cost of living is more affordable. 
  • Because of the deindustrialization of factories, the GGH has turned to more knowledge-based jobs 
  • The suburban areas are losing jobs because they were mainly industry based jobs and those are all being pushed out. We need to find way sto stop the negative environmental and economic changes being made to suburban areas that have been associated with the growth of the region itself. 
How have the changing patterns of urbanization in Toronto been influenced by changes in economic development in the GGH?

  • because of the downtown core being the area for almost all the different systems it's been shown to be the influence on people's decision making on whether to move out of the city or move in 
  • The economy is now taken over by globalization and deindustrialization it's caused a mass production of buildings along with the megazones.
  • In Toronto especially we have been getting rid of many family owned businesses or "run down" areas and revamping them to help create a better Toronto lifestyle and give consumers more options. For example if you look at the Bloor and Dufferin area or the bloor and Bathurst area.
  • because people will go to where work is being offered, has caused the Downtown Toronto area and the three megazones in the GGH to have manny available job opportunities. 

WHY CARE?

Because of the economic development all over the GGH the can only result in the use of more cars, especially since some of the main places of work outside of Toronto are the megazones some of which are along the 400 series highway. because of this we are seeing a change in the environment and the impacts cars really have on it. Many areas of work can still be accessed through public transit but seeing that in the downtown core subways and busses are so packed during rush hours it can only result badly for getting outside of the city during the hustle and bustle of the city. Because of the increasing population of the city the transportation is essential for many people, because of this a lot of traffic occurs, simply canceling out efficient public transit. Same goes for cars, because of the many jobs outside of the city it's you're bound to hit some traffic either on your way there or back home.  

For our secondary work loss in the GGH, many being factory workers, they are left with no job and needing a steady income to fit the needs and costs of living in Toronto. Nowadays education can be a huge part in achieving a well paying job, leaving these people who are losing their job seeming uneducated when trying to find a new one. This also puts stress on high school students and graduates trying to figure out a sense of what it is exactly they want to do when they are older, what they're passionate about, and if they are going to be able to live in Toronto with the salary of whatever it is they want to do. 

The high cost of living in Toronto is causing people to live in very low income areas or simply moving out of the city to where work may not be as accessible or paying an adequate amount for their living situation. Also increasing the homeless population because the increased housing prices are just too difficult to meet. Leaving them without any resources to even survive on their own outside. 

Seeing now that climate change is very visible in the GGH we have to take action to save our farmers, lake, wildlife, air, and the health of people of Toronto. The urbanization of the city and the growing population is causing mass production of goods like food, automobiles, and any equipment needed to move forward with urbanization. The impacts of climate change on the food and crop industries had led to not having enough to distribute throughout the GGH, causing more genetically modified foods and the increase of price because of the high demand.   


  • REFERENCES  
Introduction. (2015, November 4). Retrieved January 16, 2021, from 
             http://www.neptis.org/publications/planning-prosperity/chapters/introduction

The geography of core employment. (2018, November 30). Retrieved January 16, 2021,                     from https://www.neptis.org/publications/regional-economic-                                                   landscape/chapters/geography-core-employment

Neptis Geoweb. (n.d.). Retrieved January 16, 2021, from http://www.neptisgeoweb.org

Introduction. (2015, November 4). Retrieved January 16, 2021, from                                                    http://www.neptis.org/publications/planning-prosperity/chapters/introduction

12, S. (n.d.). Globalization & the Economic Geography of the GGH Story Map- Callie                        Deacon. Retrieved January 16, 2021, from http://www.neptisgeoweb.org

A Transforming Regional Economy and the Growth Plan. (2015, November 4). Retrieved                    January 16, 2021, from http://www.neptis.org/publications/planning-                                      prosperity/chapters/transforming-regional-economy-and-growth-plan

The Regional Economic Structure of the GGH Today. (2015, November 4). Retrieved                         January 16, 2021, from http://www.neptis.org/publications/planning-                                       prosperity/chapters/regional-economic-structure-ggh-today

Blais, A. (2017, June 1). The Tor-York West Megazone: A Profile. Retrieved January 16,                     2021, from http://www.neptis.org/publications/tor-york-west-megazone-profile

Pope, A. (2016, March 30). Mapping 40 years of Canadian urban expansion. Retrieved                      January 16, 2021, from https://www.canadiangeographic.ca/article/mapping-40-                    years-canadian-urban-expansion

The Big Move - Introduction. (n.d.). Retrieved January 16, 2021, from                                                http://www.metrolinx.com/thebigmove/en/introduction/1_2_GTHA.aspx



  

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