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Globalization & the Economic Geography of the GGH Story Map

Story by Anthony Quach-

What Is?


The Greater Golden Horseshoe witnessed a 200,000 jobs loss in the manufacturing sector between the years 2001-2012. The hardest impacted jobs were C-category jobs losing over 115,000 jobs out of the 200,000. Due to the fact of majors manufacturing and assembly plants relocating overseas to developing countries for cheaper labor. 41% of all of the GGH's core employment comes from the megazones, SKIDs, and downtown Toronto, in addition, with 31% of all employment.


  • All three megazones (Airport, Toronto-York West, and Toronto-York East) represent 543,000 jobs
  • Airport Megazone: consists of jobs, in warehousing, transportation, and logistics makeup 90,000 jobs, manufacturing, construction, and utilities makeup 80,000 jobs and finally 60,000 jobs in the finance, business services, and administrative services
  • The Airport megazone consists of nearly 300,000 jobs, which are more than the central business district of major Canadian cities: Vancouver, Montreal, and Calgary individually   
  • Toronto York west mega zones have around 60,000 jobs, warehouse and transportation consists of 23,000 jobs in that sector  
  • Toronto York east’s jobs are mostly in finance and business services with 45,000 jobs in that sector out of its 100,000 jobs. Warehousing/transportation makes up the rest  

  • Between 2001-2011 core employment has grown by 35,000 27% difference compared to 2001 (93,000) in SKIDs 

  • SKIDs core employment in 2011 is about 167,450 a 35,490 increase compared to 2001
  • Downtown Toronto accounts for 18% (385,000) of core employment in the GGH
  • Toronto industries are knowledge based industries for instances: Media, Design, Finance, Business Services, Engineering 
  • Toronto consists of plenty of STEM workers, senior managers, and other highly professional executive jobs
  • Approximately 100,000 jobs was created between 2012 and 2017
Where?
  •  The Person airport megazone is located in parts of Brampton and Mississauga, between highway 401 and the 407
  • Toronto York West megazone is in parts of Vaughan and in between highway 400 and 407 
  • Toronto York East is around highway 404 and the 407 near Markham
  • They are two SKIDs in Mississauga area, one in the southern part of the airport megazone and the other Meadowvale Business Park is in between highway 401 and 407 
  • The third SKIDs is in part of the York East megazone in Markham 
  • The forth is in Waterloo south west of Toronto, the last one is located in oakville close to Burlington
  • Downtown Toronto: the Financial district, Yonge street, Queen street, Yorkville 
Why There? 

The GGH is in a economic switch from older industries such ad manufacturing and assembly lines into more service, tech, and creative based industries shifting the economy into more knowledge-based industries 
  • This increase jobs in numerous areas such as downtown Toronto which accounts for 62% of all Finance based jobs in the GGH and SKIDs like Waterloo more tech-base industries 
  • As well as decline jobs in different areas like parts of Oshawa because of the GM major layoff in late 2019, Kitchener and Cambridge also witness core job loss 
  • SKIDs such as Mississauga area has witness increase of jobs from the six Amazon warehouse and fulfillment warehouse near Pearson airport 
  • Areas such as Brampton, Hamilton and Oshawa which are older city centers suffered from major job lost, because of major manufacturing and assembly lines relocating to developing countries for cheaper labor
  • COVID-19 had a major impact on the manufacturing and construction sector in Brantford with 5,500 job lost and Hamilton lost over 46,000 jobs   
  • More people are moving into downtown Toronto because of the economic shift to knowledge-based industries, this lead to areas in the downtown core that used to be major manufacturing area to be transform into office and residential space fulfilling the high demands
  • Knowledge-based industries like tech-based and finance services are growing and expanding in cities like Waterloo that has many tech-based headquarters like Blackberry and Thalmic labs also the city of Markham has many major company offices for instance IBM and Johnson & Johnson  
Why Care?

With the expanding of jobs in megazones, SKIDs, and downtown Toronto, has caused major commuting car trips. For instance, all three megazones creates up to 500,o00 daily commuting trips in the morning, creating major traffic congestion. Also contribute to the increase of CO2 causing climate change and extreme/unpredictable weather. In downtown Toronto roughly around 133,000 trips are used in car out of 450,000 daily trips, this shows more people are walking, biking, and using public transit to commute. This also show more people are living closer or in downtown Toronto because of the job opportunities, causing housing and cost of living to increase in price, making it unaffordable for many people to live downtown. With the increase and high demands of knowledge based industries will create competition for jobs, causing other industries like skill trades to have lower numbers of jobs. 

References

All GM's vehicle assembly workers in Oshawa laid off because of U.S. strike. (2019, September 20).CBC. Retrieved January 17, 2021, from https://www.cbc.ca/news/business/

all-gm-s-vehicle-assembly-workers-in-oshawa-laid-off-because-of-u-s-strike

1.5291000#:~:text=The%20strike%20by%2049%2C000%20United%20Auto%20Workers%20(UAW)%20against%20General,in%20that%20facility%20that%20continue.


Blais, P. (2018, November 30). PLANNING THE NEXT GGH. Neptis. Retrieved January 17, 2021, from http://www.neptis.org/sites/default/files/planning_the_next_ggh/

    neptis_planningthenextggh_report_dec4_2018.pdf


Executive Summary. (2014). Neptis. Retrieved January 17, 2021, from https://www.neptis.org/

    publications/planning-prosperity/chapters/executive-summary


Hristova, B. (2020, June 23). Hamilton sheds almost 46,000 jobs during COVID-19 pandemic: report. CBC. Retrieved January 17, 2021, from https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/hamilton/

    hamilton-job-losses-covid-19-1.5623583


The Regional Economic Structure of the GGH Today. (2014). Neptis. Retrieved January 17, 2021, from https://www.neptis.org/publications/planning-prosperity/chapters/ regional-economic-structure-ggh-today#:~:text=A%20significant%20amount%20of%20skilled,as%20well%20as%20STEM%20occupations


The Geography of Economic Restructuring in the GGH. (2014). Neptis. Retrieved January 17, 2021, from https://www.neptis.org/publications/planning-prosperity/chapters/

    geography-economic-restructuring-ggh


The Employment Geography of the Megazone. (2014). Neptis. Retrieved January 17, 2021, from

    https://www.neptis.org/publications/unlocking-potential-airport-megazone/chapters/

    employment-geography-megazone





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